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Instructor Contact and General Information

  
Instructor: Luís Finotti
Office: Ayres Hall 251
Phone: 974-1321 (don't leave messages! -- e-mail me if I don't answer!)
e-mail: lfinotti@utk.edu
Office Hours: MW 11:10 to 12:10, or by appointment.
Textbook: J. Hoffstein, J. Pipher, J. H. Silverman. An Introduction to Mathematical Cryptography, 2nd edition, Springer, 2014.
Prerequisite: Math 251/257 or Math 200.
(Math 300/307 or COCS 311 recommended, but not required).
Class Meeting Time: MWF 9:05-9:55 at Ayres 112.
Grade: Simply your HW (computer projects) grade.
See here for letter grade ranges.
 

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Course Information

Course Content

This course is a one-semester introduction to applied and computational number theory. We will study many algorithms used in number theory and applications to, mainly, computer security.

Although number theory started as primarily abstract subject, today it has quite important applications. Although we will often discuss the theoretical aspects of it, our main focus will be in the computational problems and applications of the subject.

This is an experimental course, so the content will be shaped as we progress, with input from the students!

 

Chapters and Topics

Due to the experimental nature of the course, this description is vague and subject to change, as there are different paths we can take depending on the students' interests and background.

But here is a possible list of topics:

Here is a likely list of sections from the textbook:

If a significant number of students have taken (or intend to take) COCS 483 (Applied Cryptography), or if students interests lie outside cryptography, we might deemphasize it (although we will surely see some) and concentrate more on number theoretical algorithms, or even choose other topics to replace it.

 

Homework Policy

Homework assigned, graded, and collected using Cocalc. (More on Cocalc below.) The due dates will be posted there and on Canvas's calendar.

Before the first real assignment is due, we will practice it with a "dummy assignment". I will likely show you in class how we will do it, or maybe post a video. (Likely both, as I will try to record our dry run in class.)

The HW will mostly computations. You will likely code some routines to perform some task, and then run some tests. The official language for the course will be Sage. (More on Sage below.)

Your course grade will be simply your HW grade.

I will also post extra problems, some theoretical, for those interested. These will not be collected or graded, but I strongly recommend you work on them for a deeper understanding. These will be posted on the section Extra HW Problems below.

 

Sage

Sage is a (free) open-source math software. It was started by William Stein and was built on top of many other open-source software, such as GP/Pari, Maxima, GAP, R, and many more. It's intent is to offer an open-source alternative to Mathematica, Maple, Matlab and Magma.

Since Stein is a number theorist, Sage is particular strong in number theory, and it's the most suitable to our course. Moreover, it's free and it can be used directly in Cocalc, which we will use for HW. So, students don't even have to download it (although it might be a good idea.) In fact, Cocalc was originally named "SageMathCloud", i.e., it was built to run Sage on the cloud. Also, Sage is built on top of Python, and so it has the same syntax and can load the numerous Python libraries.

 

Cocalc

Cocalc, originally called "SageMathCloud", is an online computing environment. It was first created to use Sage (and its components) online, without the need of installation, and allowing users to share and collaborate. I has expanded considerably since then, and today it can be even used for course management, as we will use here.

It is also quite useful for producing text documents, especially in math with LaTeX, although it also allows you to create (and collaborate in) HTML and Markdown documents.

It has many features and it is quite powerful, but we will need only the basics. As mentioned above, it will be used to assign and collect HW sets. You can do all your work directly on Cocalc (using Sage), or you can install Sage in your personal computer and do the coding/testing there, and then just copy and paste in Cocalc.

You can use Cocalc for free, although it might be a bit slow. It should not be a problem as your work should not be very resource intensive. But, if you feel it is too slow, you can either install Sage in your personal computer (it's free and open-source) or pay for a subscription.

I truly don't expect that it will be necessary for anyone to pay for the subscription, but if it comes to that, we can discuss what would work better. Either students can buy their own personal subscriptions or I can try to set up a Small Course Package.

 

Piazza (Discussion Board)

We will use Piazza for online discussions. The advantage of Piazza (over other discussion boards) is that it allows us (or simply me) to use math symbols efficiently and with good looking results (unlike Canvas). It also allows anonymous posts (also unlike Canvas).

To enter math, you can use LaTeX code. (See the section on LaTeX below.) The only difference is that you must surround the math code with double dollar signs ($$) instead of single ones ($). Even if you don't take advantage of this, I can use making it easier for you to read the answers.

It also allows us to enter code in Code Blocks. Please use code blocks whenever entering code!

You can access Piazza through the link on the left panel of Canvas or directly here: https://piazza.com/utk/fall2018/math499/home. (There is also a link at the "Navigation" section on the top of this page and on the Links section.)

To keep things organized, I've set up a few different folders/labels for our discussions:

I urge you to use Piazza often for discussions! (This is specially true for Feedback!) If you are ever thinking of sending me an e-mail, think first if it could be posted there. That way my answer might help others that have the same questions as you and will be always available to all. (Of course, if it is something personal (such as your grades), you should e-mail me instead.)

Note that you can post anonymously. (Just be careful to check the proper box!) But please don't post anonymously if you don't feel compelled to, as it would help me to know you, individually, much better.

Students can (and should!) reply to and comment on posts on Piazza. Discussion is encouraged here!

Also, please don't forget to choose the appropriate folder(s) (you can choose more than one, like a label) for your question. And make sure to choose between Question, Note or Poll.

When replying/commenting/contributing to a discussion, please do so in the appropriate place. If it is an answer to the question, use the Answer area. (Note: The answer area for students can be edited by other students. The idea is to be a collaborative answer. Only one answer will be presented for students and one from the instructor. So, if you want to contribute to answer already posted, just edit it.) You can also post a Follow Up discussion instead of (or besides) an answer. There can be multiple follow ups, but don't start a new one if it is the same discussion.

Important: Make sure you set your "Notifications Settings" on Piazza to receive notifications for all posts: Click on the gear on the top right of the Piazza site, the choose "Account/Email Setting", then "Edit Email Notifications" and then check "Automatically follow every question and note". Preferably, also set "Real Time" for both new and updates to questions and notes. I will consider a post in Piazza official communication in this course, I will assume all have read every single post there!

You can also use Piazza for Private Messages. I'd prefer you use e-mail to talk to me, unless it is a math question (in which either you or I would need to enter math symbols) that cannot be posted for all (such as an exam question). You can also send private messages to fellow students, but keep in mind that I can see those too! (So, not really that private...)

You should receive an invitation to join our class in Piazza via your "@tennessee.edu" e-mail address before classes start. If you don't, you can sign up here: https://piazza.com/utk/fall2018/math499. If you've register with a different e-mail (e.g., @vols.utk.edu) you do not need to register again, but you can consolidate your different e-mails (like @vols.utk.edu and @tennessee.edu) in Piazza, so that it knows it is the same person. (Only if you want to! It is recommended but not required as long as you have access to our course there!) Just click on the gear icon on the top right of Piazza, beside your name, and select "Account/Email Settings". Then, in "Other Emails" add the new ones.

 

Communications and E-Mail Policy

You are required to set up notifications for Piazza (as explained above) and for Canvas to be sent to you immediately. For Canvas, check this page and/or this video on how to set your notifications. Set notifications for Announcements to "right away"! (Basically: click on the the profile button on left, under UT's "T", then click "Notifications". Click on the check mark ("notify me right away") for Announcements.)

Moreover, I may send e-mails with important information directly to you. I will use the e-mail given to me by the registrar and set up automatically in Canvas. (If that is not your preferred address, please make sure to forward your university e-mail to it!)

All three (notifications from Piazza, notifications from Canvas and e-mails) are official communications for this course and it's your responsibility to check them often!

 

Feedback

Please, post all comments and suggestions regarding the course using Piazza. Usually these should be posted as Notes and put in the Feedback folder/label (and add other labels if relevant). These can be posted anonymously (or not), just make sure to check the appropriate option. Others students and myself will be able to respond and comment. If you prefer to keep the conversation private (between us), you can send me an e-mail (not anonymous), or a private message in Piazza (possibly anonymous).

 

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Legal Issues

Conduct

All students should be familiar with Hilltopics' Students Code of Conduct and maintain their Academic Integrity: from Hilltopics Academics:

Academic Integrity

Study, preparation, and presentation should involve at all times the student’s own work, unless it has been clearly specified that work is to be a team effort. Academic honesty requires that the student present their own work in all academic projects, including tests, papers, homework, and class presentation. When incorporating the work of other scholars and writers into a project, the student must accurately cite the source of that work. For additional information see the applicable catalog or the UT Libraries site. See also Honor Statement (below).

All students should follow the Honor Statement (also from Hilltopics Academics):

Honor Statement

"An essential feature of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, is a commitment to maintaining an atmosphere of intellectual integrity and academic honesty. As a student of the university, I pledge that I will neither knowingly give nor receive any inappropriate assistance in academic work, thus affirming my own personal commitment to honor and integrity."

You should also be familiar with the Classroom Behavior Expectations.

We are in a honor system in this course!

 

Disabilities

Students with disabilities that need special accommodations should contact the Student Disability Services and bring me the appropriate letter/forms.

 

Sexual Harassment and Discrimination

For Sexual Harassment and Discrimination information, please visit the Office of Equity and Diversity.

 

Campus Syllabus

Please, see also the Campus Syllabus.

 

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Additional Bibliography

Here are some other books, besides out text, that you might find helpful:

 

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LaTeX

This is not necessary to our class! I leave it here in case someone wants to learn how type math, for instance to type their HW. But again, you can ignore this section if you want to.

LaTeX is the most used software to produce mathematics texts. It is quite powerful and the final result is, when properly used, outstanding! Virtually all professional math text you will ever see is done with LaTeX, or one of its variants.

LaTeX is freely available for all platforms.

The problem is that it has a steep learning curve at first, but after the first difficulties are overcome, it is not bad at all.

One of the first difficulties one encounters is that it is not WYSIWYG ("what you see is what you get"). It resembles a programming language: you first type some code and then this code is processed to produce a nice document (a non-editable PDF file, for example). Thus, one has to learn how to "code" in LaTeX, but this brings many benefits.

I recommend that anyone with any serious interest in producing math texts to learn it! On the other hand, I don't expect all of you to do so. But note that there are processors that can make it "easier" to create LaTeX documents, by making it "point-and-click" and (somewhat) WYSIWYG.

Here are some that you can use online (no need to install anything and files are available online, but need to register):

The first one, Cocalc, is more than just for LaTeX, as you can also run Sage, which can do computations with the objects we will study in this course.

If you want to install LaTeX in your computer (so that you don't need an Internet connection), check here.

A few resources:

 

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Links

 

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Handouts

   

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Extra Homework Problems

These are not to be turned in! But they should be interesting and help you better understand the mathematical tools we use in the course.

Problems will be added as we progress.

Introduction:

  1. Let $N$ be a (possibly very large) positive integer. Prove that there are $N$ consecutive integers $m$, $m+1$, ..., $m+(N-1)$ such that none of them is prime. (In other words, two consecutive primes can be very far apart!)
    Hint: Use the following simple lemma. Let $a$, $b$ and $d$ be positive integers, with $d \mid a$. Then, $d \mid (a+b)$ if and only if $d \mid b$.
  2. Prove that the Goldbach's Conjecture (every even integer greater than or equal to 4 is a sum of two primes) implies the Goldbach's WeakConjecture (every odd integer greater than or equal to 7 is the sum of three primes).
    (This is a very simple one.)

Section 1.2: 1.11, 1.13.

Section 1.3: 1.19, 1.20, 1.23, 1.24.

Section 1.4: 1.29, 1.31.

Section 1.5: 1.33, 1.35, 1.38.

Section 2.2: 2.3, 2.5.

Section 2.4: 2.9, 2.10.

Section 2.5: 2.12, 2.15.

Section 2.8: 2.20, 2.21(a), 2.25.

Section 2.9: 2.26, 2.27.

Section 3.1: 3.1(a), (b), 3.2, 3.5, 3.6(a).

Section 3.4: 3.14(a), (c), (d), 3.21.

Section 3.5: 3.23(c), (d), (e).

Section 6.1: 6.3.

Section 6.3: 6.9.

Section 6.4: 6.16(a).

Section 6.5: 6.9, 6.18.

Section 6.7: 6.25, 6.26, 6.27.

Section 3.9: 3.37, 3.38, 3.41..

 

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