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Chapter 4 Rings

In the last chapter, we saw how modular operations of addition and multiplication, which satisfied rules similar to the operations of addition and multiplication of integers. Other examples of sets with these same two operations are the real numbers, complex numbers, matrices, and functions. The operations of addition and multiplication are rleated to one another by the distributive property. If we consider a set with two such related binary operations satisfying certian axioms, we have an algebraic structure called a ring.